Romanesque architecture is debased Roman architecture. Romance language is degenerated Latin language. The name Roman (esque) we give to this architecture, which should be universal as it is the same everywhere with slight local differences, also has the merit of indicating its origin and is not new since it is used already to describe the language of the same period. In 1824 Gerville's friend Arcisse de Caumont adopted the label " roman" to describe the "degraded" European architecture from the 5th to the 13th centuries, in his Essai sur l'architecture religieuse du moyen-âge, particulièrement en Normandie, at a time when the actual dates of many of the buildings so described had not been ascertained:
The French term " romane" was first used in the architectural sense by archaeologist Charles de Gerville in a letter of 18 December 1818 to Auguste Le Prévost to describe what Gerville sees as a debased Roman architecture.
6 Romanesque castles, houses and other buildingsĪccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "Romanesque" means "descended from Roman" and was first used in English to designate what are now called Romance languages (first cited 1715). 5.10 Transitional style and the continued use of Romanesque forms. 5.4 Church and cathedral façades and external decoration. Survivals of unfortified Romanesque secular houses and palaces, and the domestic quarters of monasteries are far rarer, but these used and adapted the features found in church buildings, on a domestic scale. The largest groups of Romanesque survivors are in areas that were less prosperous in subsequent periods, including parts of southern France, rural Spain and rural Italy. The enormous quantity of churches built in the Romanesque period was succeeded by the still busier period of Gothic architecture, which partly or entirely rebuilt most Romanesque churches in prosperous areas like England and Portugal. The most significant are the great abbey churches, many of which are still standing, more or less complete and frequently in use. Many castles were built during this period, but they are greatly outnumbered by churches. The style can be identified right across Europe, despite regional characteristics and different materials. Each building has clearly defined forms, frequently of very regular, symmetrical plan the overall appearance is one of simplicity when compared with the Gothic buildings that were to follow. The Romanesque style in England is traditionally referred to as Norman architecture.Ĭombining features of ancient Roman and Byzantine buildings and other local traditions, Romanesque architecture is known by its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy pillars, barrel vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. Examples of Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, making it the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman architecture. 
In the 12th century it developed into the Gothic style, marked by pointed arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque style, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 11th century, this later date being the most commonly held. Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.
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